Common protocols on the floor
- EtherNet/IP — Common in North American automation, CIP-based
- PROFINET — Siemens and process-oriented environments, deterministic
- Modbus TCP / Modbus RTU — Widespread, simple, still everywhere
- DeviceNet / PROFIBUS / CANopen — Legacy serial fieldbus survivors
- OPC UA — Structured, secure, modern interoperability standard
- MQTT — Lightweight publish/subscribe for IIoT and cloud data